Essay A Brief Biography of Alexander the Great - 615 Words

Alexander the Great Alexander, the great king of Macedonia, won many wars and conquered the land of Persia and defeated there king Darius III. He was meant to be the leader of an army that his father had made because as he was growing up he was raised as a commander. At the age of 20, Alexander was already the king of Macedonia. Six years later he conquered Persia. As a young kid Alexander the Great was formed to be a hero and as he grew up and completed his accomplishments he was a hero’s role model, even today he still is. Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia who conquered an empire that went across a whole country. Alexander was born on July 20, 356 B.C. in a town and as a child he showed great aptitude and one†¦show more content†¦In 332 B.C., after Gaza was taken by siege. When Darius III knew Alexander went inland, he fled into the eastern part of his empire, hoping to rally, but Darius was captured by his own troops and killed for leaving his troops to die, Alexander was saddened when he found his dead body (Jarus). Alexanders defeat against the Persian Empire removed the wall that had prevented the spread of Greek families/settlements into the East (Borza). Only three things prevented his progress at times. On the Indian frontier most officers refused to go on farther east, and, after Alexander’s return to Babylonia, his troops in Macedonia rebelled against the integration of the Asian troops so they could not move any further for the time being. After the rebellion against the Asian troops there was a horrible loss of man and soldiers in the Makran desert on the return from India to the Persian Gulf. He was ruthless against the people and troops who opposed him, even from his own troops—but a fair and honest leader to his own men. Alexanders career as a metaphor for achievement has reached even into modern times. His conquests created a great legend that would provide the standard by which other leaders based their careers off him(Borza) and in the end, Alexander’s achievements thought to have been a great adventure tied to his own personal thoughts and his ownShow MoreRelatedA Very Brief Biography of Alexander the Great677 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander the great’s death was the cause of the fall of the Macedonian empire. Four of the reasons that prove this are, Alexander’s last words were â€Å"to the strongest†. He was an amazing leader. He knew about military since he was young. Alexander had a great father to look up to. Alexander the great was born in 356 B.C. 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Economics Project Free Essays

Economists have established an informal method for gauging the purchasing power parity (PPP) between two foreign currencies termed as the Big Mac Index. The name taken by the index, Big Mac, was derived from the hamburger sold at the McDonald’s restaurants that are almost in over 120 countries. Pan Woodall an economist is the one who introduced the Big Mac Index in September 1986. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Economists have argued that the Big Mac index has proved to be a more accurate financial earmark to have ever been based on food items. A fair bench mark value is the exchange rate that ensures burgers in other parts of the world cost the same as those in the US (Wankel, 2009). A recent research showed Asia to be the cheapest place for one to enjoy a burger. How to arbitrage among burgers in the USA and Britain To arbitrage among burgers in the US and Britain the sellers should consider some of the following factors; Transport costs, costs in transport are very important as far as the transportation of inputs and outputs is concerned. The costs of access of the premises by customers are also a must consideration in setting up a business. The location that seems to be cheaper and brings high returns to the investor should then have the upper hand. The other factor to consider is trade restrictions put in place by different governments. While differences in transport costs can leave room for arbitrageurs to make good profits, trade restrictions completely wipes off such opportunities. In relation to tariffs, taxes in countries hinder business opportunities in different governments. To arbitrage one should consider a country that does not have high tax rates. Effects of many people arbitraging The issue of arbitrage serves a very important function in listed option markets. Arbitrage provides an option in secondary markets where he can not be able to exit if need does not occur. Most markets are dictated by the transportation costs, their physical sizes, and physical features that act as barriers. Yet with all these barriers, people are still willing to arbitrage. When many people are arbitraging, the market created leads to the attraction of demand (Wankel, 2009). Without them, the net buyers attracted will reduce and be short-lived. With the presence of heavy arbitrageurs in a place, price is affected. This is due to the essence of high supply that results to a negative effect on the prices. This results to an inordinate in stock selling. Reasons for price differentials in Big Macs The differences in prices in Big Macs may be due to various reasons. Some of them include; culture of the people where the restaurants are located, tastes and preferences, price of other related products and . the culture dictates what people should and should not consume. If prices of other products are lower then the demand of Big Mac will be affected negatively. This greatly dictates the price of Big Mac. The cost of producing Big Mac in different place also dictates the price. Taxes charged in countries of operations also have impacts on price. If taxes charged are high in one region, the prices shoot up as investors try to compensate for these high taxes by charging high taxes. The argument in paragraph two is valid as an increase in imports often affects prices in the importing country negatively. The country spends a lot in terms of importing than it receives from exports. In the third paragraph, it is true that trade in third world countries is poorly organized due to this the economy is so poor. The countries often spend a lot in importing finished goods than it exports. Though the countries are rich in resources both raw and minerals, the countries can not manage them effectively. Instead foreign states manage them and most returns end up benefiting foreign countries than the mother countries. Reference: Wankel, C. (2009). Encyclopedia of Business in Today’s World, Volume 1. New York: Sage. How to cite Economics Project, Papers

Proroject on kikkoman

Question: Discuss about the Proroject on kikkoman. Answer: Introduction (Source: https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1036480/soy-sauce-company-kikkoman-announced-as-official-tokyo-2020-partner) The Kikkoman (S) Pte Ltd was established in 1983, the company commenced operations in 1984 and leads in the manufacturing of the soy sauce, and the company is located in Singapore. The company aims at providing the high- quality products and services, the purpose of the company is to propose a nutritious and a well balanced diet that adds the flavors to the ingredients. Helping to support a healthy mind and body the company is keen in bringing happiness to the world every day (Shurtleff Aoyag, 2004). The main products that the company produces include the soy sauce, tempura noodle sauce, the teriyaki marinade sauce. For years the soy sauce has been a very important ingredient in the Japan and the Chinese cuisines. The company believes in Flavors that bring people together, Kikkoman is involved in the student exchange and the educational programs and promotes the international cultural exchange. The company enhances the international understanding. The company also has announced that any further testing on the animals will not be done, following the PETA campaign. The company has soy sauce as its leading product, but Kikkoman in the present day represents many of the products than the Kikkoman soy sauce. The company has various plants and also many subsidiaries, the Kikkoman group has affiliated with the Del Monte, Manns Wine Co., Ltd. and the JFC International Inc (Mogi, 2009). Production (Source: https://www.holidogtimes.com/the-most-popular-soy-sauce-brand-in-the-world-tortures-animals/#gs.dKgSnss) In the seventeenth century the soy sauces were produced manually and this process was extremely difficult and time taking, in the present time the production is done in a highly automated plant. The production of the soy sauce by the Kikkoman is done by naturally brewing process. The company has its production plants and its offices in Japan, United States, Netherlands and the Singapore. The firm has established quality control system that is based on the local regulations and the standards in monitoring the quality control measures. This is done in order to provide a safe and a high- quality product to its customers. The control over the production facilities all around the world and in Japan includes the standards in the food hygiene and its regular evaluations and the inspections of the equipments. The evaluations are carried out by the experts of Japan, so that the same segment of standards for the food production is maintained. Many other countries as well have started producing the Kikkoman soy sauce such as, the United States, Europe, Singapore and the Taiwan (Kikkoman, 2017). The production of a company involves the processes and methods that are used for transforming the raw materials or the semi finished goods into the goods and services. The Kikkomans soy sauce production line at the Noda Factory controls and measures the hygiene for the prevention of the contamination. The strict procedures for the hygiene control for the products must be followed before entering the bottling facilities for the soy sauce, the company checks on this in the production of the sauces and the other products (Kikkoman, 2017). The soy sauce is a dark brown liquid that has a distinctive aroma; it is used to season the oriental foods. The soy beans are the main ingredient of the soy sauce. The production of the sauce requires a complex fermentation process of the lactic acid and the alcohol, and the brown color of the sauce is the result of the maturation process of the six to eight months (WebstaurantStore, 2017). Marketing The company Kikkoman is described as a promoter of the international exchange of the food culture; the marketing strategy of the company has been a prioritized target for the expansion, further developing those markets and then moving to a new market. The marketing of the products in the foreign markets from the Japanese market has been very challenging. The marketing of the products are done by noting the culture of the region and innovating. Though the company offers the products to all the customers, but the market base of the company is seen to be the local consumers only. The company has seen that the soy sauce is a daily used product in Japan, so the company tries to target those countries which are of similar culture and preferences to Japan for the selling of its products. The Kikkoman corporations also have established its brand name in the United States, and are looking forward for the other countries also (Patrick, Mogi, et.al, 2011). The Kikkoman has entered into the two joint ventures; the company is in joint ventures with the Taiwanese company for entering the Chinese market. It has although entered into the Chinese market but the sales are low, this is because of the extremely high price of the soy sauce of the Kikkoman than those of the Chinese alternatives (Kikkoman, 2017). Accounting and finance The companys expansion of the financial position is as follow: Total assets, total liabilities and the net assets: The current asset of the month September 30th 2016, were 147,132 million, later an increase in the month of March 31 2016 was seen to be 837 million. The reason for this was due to the increase in the other current asset and the decrease of the process of the work, cash and deposits. The current liabilities were 64,975 million; in the month of March 31 2016 it increased to 7,407 million. The decrease in the bonds, the long-term loans payable and the deferred tax liabilities were the reason for the decrease of the noncurrent liabilities by 33,568 million to 48,859 million. The net assets had stood up to be 219,112 million; the decrease was by 6 563 million from the month of March 31 2016. The reason was because of the decrease in the foreign currency translations adjustment. This had resulted in the 65.2% of the equity ratio compared with the 61.2% on March 31, 2016. Cash flow: The cash and the cash equivalents in the month of September 30, 2016 were 33, 824 million; in the month of March 31 2016 this reflected a decrease in the cash and the cash equivalents of 1,383 million. The cash flows for each of the activity, the cash flows for the operating activities; these activities provide the net cash. The increase in the payment of the corporate income taxes is been a main contributing factor. The cash flow from the investing activities: due to the proceeds from sales of the investment securities, the investing activities provide net cash of 17,947 million.The cash flow from the financing activities: due to the redemption of the bonds and the payment of the cash dividends, the financing activities used a net cash of 27 147 million. Order cycle https://www.kikkoman.com/en/quality/ip/brand.html The order cycle is the time period between placing of one order and the next order. The order cycle of the Kikkoman Company develops a sustaining brand in the marketplace by continuously adding value to the brand. The order cycle sits at the interface between the customer and the retailer; it includes all the processes of filling the orders of the customers, arrival of the customers order, entry of the order, fulfillment and the receipt (Mogi, 2009). There are six components of the customers order cycle. The preparation and transmittal of the order. The receipt and entry of the order The order processing Warehouse picking and packaging The transportation of the order Delivery to the customers and unloading of the order. The time duration of the order cycle ranges from five to six days, and maximum of thirteen days the time taken to complete one order cycle depends on the production and manufacturing of the product. The company Kikkomans customer order cycle starts from preparing the order to the delivery of that order to the customers; it is done internationally (Cycle View of Supply Chain, 2013). https://www.thinksimpletoday.com/Cycle%20View%20of%20Supply%20Chain/#.VOe01RDfBuI Inventory management The practice of controlling and overseeing of the ordering, storing and using the components used by the company in production of its items is known as the inventory management. It is also the practice of controlling of the quantities of finished products for the sale. The inventory management is an important function. It determines the health as well as the supply chain of the business. The companys inventory is dynamic. There should always be a constant and careful evaluation of both the external and the internal factor is very much required. This can be done by planning and reviewing. There are various different stages of the inventory management. An organizations inventory and the supply chain management is the backbone of its operations. There are many changes that the inventory management has undergone; the company requires the need for the inventory management to maintain various purposes. Every companys inventory planner has the optimum goal for the inventory management (MSG management study guide, 2017). It is very important for the company to maintain the raw material inventory, the reasons why the organization needs to maintaining the raw material inventory are: To meet the variation of the demand in production: as per the sales, estimates, stocking patterns and the orders, the demand in the production also changes. The supply for the production varies according to the raw material. Seasonal demand: depending on the seasons; like the festivals, the market demand and supply varies, the data of the past sales help the company to analyze the demand in the market in advance. Economies of scale: the large amount of the raw material buying is always found to be cheaper for the company than buying the frequent small lots. The material is bought in bulk and holds the inventories in the plants warehouses. Reduce transit times and cost: when the raw materials are imported from the foreign country ,the transportation cost can be saved by buying the raw material in bulk, latterly transporting it as a container load or a full truck load. Taking advantage of increase in price and discount in quantity: in the national and the international market if there is an expected increase in the price, because of the changes in the demand and supply, the company in advance buys the raw material and hold stock as a hedge against the cost increased (MSG management study guide, 2017). Conclusion The company Kikkoman is the worlds leading brand in the soy sauce business. The company has been continuously supporting the food culture of Japan since the 1600s. W.ith a sense of responsive and perceptive innovations, the management policy has been blended to deep seated traditions. The company aims at making the best high- quality products and services, the purpose of the company lies in proposing a nutritious and a well balanced diet, and also adding the flavors to the ingredients. For bringing happiness to the world every day the company helps to support a healthy mind and body. The company has been providing a safe and a high- quality product to its customers. The product soy sauce is the main product of the Kikkoman, but the company has also come up with other food products and is very much liked locally and internationally. The marketing and selling is done over the hundred countries, from the overseas factories which are located in the Asia, Europe and the United States. It is concluded from the report, that the Kikkoman Company is a leading in the international exchange and has been promoting the development of its products according to the culture and preferences of that particular country in which enters. References Cycle View of Supply Chain, 2013, Think Simple Today, retrieved on 2nd of February 2017, from https://www.thinksimpletoday.com/Cycle%20View%20of%20Supply%20Chain/#.VOe01RDfBuI Kikkoman, 2017, Food Manufactures, retrieved on 3rd of February 2017, from https://www.kikkoman.com.au/food-manufacturers Kikkoman, 2017, Soy Sauce Business, retrieved on 1st of February 2017, from https://www.kikkoman.com/en/corporate/about/group/soysauce.html Kikkoman, 2017, Strict Production Control, retrieved on 1st of February 2017, from https://www.kikkoman.com/en/quality/safety/production.html Mogi, Y, 2009, Sauce of success, retrieved on 1st of February 2017, from https://www.economist.com/node/13443693 MSG management study guide, 2017, Inventory Management Concepts, retrieved on 2nd of February 2017, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/inventory-management-concepts.htm MSG management study guide, 2017, Need for Inventory Management - Why do Companies hold Inventories? retrieved on 2nd of February 2017, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/need-for-inventory-management.htm Patrick, H, Mogi, Y, et.al, 2011, Global Marketing of National Products: Kikkoman and Coca?Cola, retrieved on 1st of February 2017, from https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/cjeb/sites/www8.gsb.columbia.edu.cjeb/files/Kikkoman%20%20Coca-Cola%2011%202%2011%20Summary%20Report%20Draft%20as%20of%2012-15-11.pdf Shurtleff, W, Aoyag, A, 2004, History of Kikkoman, retrieved on 1st of February 2017, from https://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/kikkoman.php WebstaurantStore, 2017, Kikkoman Soy Sauce - (500) 6 mL Packets / Case - 500/Case, retrieved on 4th of January 2017, from https://www.webstaurantstore.com/kikkoman-soy-sauce-500-6-ml-packets-case-500-case/137PC00278.html

Paragraph free essay sample

Digital Bangladesh Digital Bangladesh is a wonderful vision that is dreamt by the government and the literate class for the technological development of Bangladesh. Digitalization has become a buzzword in the new era of information technology. We can now learn in an instant what is happening in the furthest corner of the world. The electronic transfer of information via the internet has created an interconnected world of information. Bangladesh is going to observe digital year in 2011 to mark the Journey to digital Bangladesh. The government has taken up an initiative for setting up Union Information Centres (UIC) in 1000 unions in line with the dream to build Digital Bangladesh by 2021. This programme is a welcome development towards reaching information technology facilities to the doorsteps of rural people. The village people will easily get information about agriculture, health, education, marketing and employment from the UlCs. The government has also moved to formulate new laws empowering an authority to set up six hi-tech parks with the aim of establishing oreign investment in the information technology sector. We will write a custom essay sample on Paragraph or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Supreme Court (SC) is going to be digitalized soon. All cases related to information of the SC will be available in its website. Dhaka Metropolitan Police is also going to install a hi-tech monitoring system in the central control room to make contact with the on-duty police anywhere within the metropolitan area. Digitalization will largely change banking and financial activities. Worldwide money transfer and transaction of usiness have now become a matter of clicking the mouse of a computer. Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government can not equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era.

Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Essays

Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Essays Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Paper Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Paper In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald satirizes how newly wealthy Americans acted during the 1920’s through Jay Gatsby. The 1920’s was nicknamed the ‘Roaring Twenties’, and during this time period, many people were much more wealthy and were only interested in big, extravagant things. Jay Gatsby is an example of this. He was born poor, gained his wealth, and now he throws big parties at his mansion to impress hundreds of people. In the beginning of Chapter 5, Nick arrives at West Egg to find Gatsby’s mansion lighting up the night sky. Nick said to Gatsby, â€Å"Your place looks like the World’s Fair† (81). The significance of Nicks statement shows how Gatsby tries to be â€Å"old money†, when really he is â€Å"new money†. Gatsby tries to show off his wealth by turning on every single light in his mansion, but he lacks the class of those who really are â€Å"old money†. This satirizes how wealthy people were during the 1920s; they were obnoxious and did not have the same class as those who were wealthy before that time period. Another example of this is when Fitzgerald tells the reader what Gatsby is wearing for when Daisy comes over Nick’s house. Fitzgerald wrote, â€Å"Gatsby, in a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and gold-colored tie, hurried in† (84). Daisy knows Gatsby as a poor man that she used to love, but couldn’t be with because her family didn’t approve. Gatsby still loves Daisy, and he dresses like this because he wants to impress her. Newly wealthy people during the 1920’s always wore expensive clothing. Gatsby dressing like this just satirizes those people, and shows he truly isn’t â€Å"old money†, no matter how hard he tries to be. Later in the chapter, Gatsby invited Daisy and Nick over to his house because he wants to show off his mansion to Daisy. Gatsby said, â€Å" I want you and Daisy to come over to my house† (89). Gatsby brought Daisy to his house, and even though she was impressed with what he has become, even Daisy realized that everything he owned is inelegant, and doesn’t have the same type of possessions that â€Å"old money† people have. This satirizes how people during the 1920’s tried to show off their flashy possessions, but they don’t truly have as much worth. Fitzgerald’s use of satire of newly wealthy people during the 1920’s are truly expressed through Gatsby’s actions and belongings.

Returning Canadian Residents Bringing Alcohol into Canada

Returning Canadian Residents Bringing Alcohol into Canada There are some very specific rules and regulations about bringing duty-free alcohol back into Canada from another country. Not only will you need to be aware of the type and quantity of alcohol, but you also need to know when the alcohol was purchased during your trip. Personal Exemptions Based on How Long You Have Been Outside the Country If you’ve been gone less than 24 hours there are no personal exemptions.If you’ve been gone 24 hours or more you can claim goods up to CAN$200 without paying duty and taxes. Unfortunately, alcoholic beverages are not included in this amount.If you’ve been gone for 48 hours or more, you can claim goods up to CAN$800 without paying duty and taxes. Some alcoholic beverages are included in this exemption. You must have the goods with you when you enter Canada. Returning Canadian Residents Duty-Free Allowance for Alcohol If you are a Canadian resident or a temporary resident of Canada returning from a trip outside Canada, or a former Canadian resident returning to live in Canada, you are allowed to bring a small quantity of alcohol (wine, liquor, beer or coolers) into the country without having to pay duty or taxes as long as: the alcohol accompanies youyou meet the minimum legal drinking age for the province or territory in which you enter Canadayou have been outside Canada for more than 48 hours. You may bring in one of the following: 1.5 liters (50.7 US ounces) of wine, including wine coolers over 0.5 percent alcohol, or1.14 liters (38.5 US ounces) of liquor, ora total of 1.14 liters (38.5 US ounces) of wine and liquor, or24 x 355 milliliter (12 ounce) cans or bottles of beer or ale, including beer coolers over 0.5 percent alcohol (a maximum of 8.5 liters or 287.4 US ounces). Bringing More Than the Duty-Free Allowance of Alcohol Into Canada Except in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, returning Canadian residents may bring in more than the personal allowances of liquor listed above as long as you pay customs and province/territory assessments. The amounts you are allowed to bring into Canada are also limited by the province or territory in which you enter Canada. For details on specific amounts and rates, contact the liquor control authority for the appropriate province or territory before you come to Canada. Shipping Alcohol When You Move Back to Canada If you are a former Canadian resident moving back to Canada and you want to ship alcohol to Canada (the contents of your wine cellar for example), contact the liquor control authority for the appropriate province or territory to pay the provincial or territorial fees and assessments in advance. To have your shipment released when you arrive in Canada, you will need to show the receipt for the provincial or territory fees and assessments and you will also need to pay the applicable federal customs assessments. Customs Contact Information If you have questions or require more information on bringing alcohol into Canada, please contact the Canada Borders Services Agency.

Fanboys Film Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fanboys Film Reaction - Essay Example This includes the community interested in comic books, super heroes and certain fictional characters they admired in childhood (Davis 2). The cultural diversities displayed in this film are quite extraordinary. The manner in which people interact with one another is also something worth noting. This paper will review how the film brings about the cultural differences between the characters and the roles they all portray. In assessing the film, it is very easy to notice the filmmaker’s choice of setting for the film as he takes the audience back to the past. This was at a time where society expected a lot from men. Society expected them to be responsible enough to have steady, well-paying jobs. Society expected that from everyone who graduated from high school so they can be able to stand up for themselves. The work of art that the filmmaker sought to go after came in the form of this film (2). It is dedicated to all the faithful ones who dare to dream. Some other works of art can be represented in the same form. However, the most important thing to understand is what the creator of the work of art has had in mind. Once an individual gets to see with the filmmaker’s eyes, then and only then he/she becomes able to fully understand and appreciate the true meaning of art. When assessing other films, it is very easy to lose sight of what the intended purpose was. ... The characters act in this manner not another to portray the true identity of the people they address to or familiarise themselves with. Without these differences it is highly likely that it will be impossible to tell who is who while the film proceeds to the end. It is imperative that the filmmaker and many others clearly define such roles to have the desired effects (3). To prevent the audience from having a negative image of the message made by the characters and the movie itself, it is important to understand that the film was not directed to satisfy a specific group of people. Sometimes the characters behave in a way that may not be good. It can take a long time to stop calls coming in from all over to ban the work of art that was hard to make. The production and viewing of such a film should allow everyone to be culturally diverse in the roles they play in society. Everyone who watches the film can get a clear vision and perception of how cultures and people in society relate t o one another in spite of their differences. It concerns both the film industry and real life. These divergent cultures usually end up shaping the new way for people to live. The characters of the film appreciate different cultures presented in the film (3). This further leads to the global acceptance of certain ways and modes of living, thus, encouraging living in peace, harmony and understanding. All this helps to bring the world together under what is commonly known as a global village. The filmmaker gets to show these roles in very different ways. He introduces people from different areas making them interact within the film (3). With their introduction, the audience gets to see the culturally diverse roles they play. Even though the

The event of Holocaust Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The event of Holocaust - Research Paper Example The researcher states that when one examines the history of the 20th century, many human sufferings and even massacres and large-scale cold-blooded executions come into mind but the most outstanding of them all is the holocaust. The holocaust was the massive destruction or the genocide of about 6 million European Jews and other ethnic minorities during the World War II giving a total of approximately 10 million deaths. Adolf Hitler and the Nazi government targeted ethnic minorities residing in Europe and this included the Jews, the Romani, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, the Sinti and the Polish. They also extended their hatred to homosexuals, political and religious opponents, Jehovah’s witnesses and the disabled regardless of whether they were of foreign or German ethnic origin. Of all these groups of people, the Jews were the main target and they comprised almost half the numbers killed. Out of the nine million Jews who lived in Europe at that time, approximately six million of them died inclusive of close to 1 million children. The holocaust was a state-sponsored murder propagated by the Nazi government and it basically involved the killing of the various target groups. The event took place in the Nazi-occupied territory. This persecution and removal of German Jews begun almost immediately the Nazis came to power. This was in January 1933. The holocaust killings were driven by the idology that represented Nazi’s illusion that there was an international Jewish conspiracy to rule and control the world. This made this event such a large scale event in the history of man in that the murders were conducted in almost territories of Nazi which represent 35 separate European countries. Four main distinctive features about the genocide are institutional collaboration, scale and ideology, use of extermination camps and medical experiments. The genocide was carried out in stages starting from 30th January 1933 to 8th May 8, 1945 and the killin gs were conducted through various ways. Concntration camps were set up for confining the Jews. The Jews who were forcefully being moved from their homes were put together in these camps. The inmates were then used as slaves until they died of exhaustion. In these camps, they received no medical attention and some of them died of disease. Initially, these camps were to act as temporary residence for Jews awaiting relocation to areas outside Europe including former colonial powers and Africa. In some places like Poland, they were places for containing the Jews so that they could give labour force to the German war industry. Despite this, the Germans had a plan of eliminating the Jews finally and so the camps were set near railroads. Here, thousands died from disease, starvation, maltreatment and starvation. There is therefore no doubt that forced labour was an extermination tool. A model of destruction through work. Since the emergence of Third Reich, the concentration camps turned in to incineration places or extermination camps. The Third Reich required the Romani and the Jews to be assembled and confined in overcrowded ghettos awaiting from where they were transported by cargo or freight train to extermination camps. These journeys were horrific and many of the died on the way. Many of those who survived the journey were systematically murdered in gas chambers. These camps were equipped with several gas chambers for conducting mass extermination and this is one unique feature of the holocaust. By 1942, 6 large extermination camps had been set up in the Nazi-occupied Poland and as many as 15,000 camps and sub-camps in the Germany occupied nations. Another group of Jews and

Plastic Surgery Essay Example for Free

Plastic Surgery Essay Research Paper Outline Plastic Surgery Section Specialties Recruiting and Retention Fund November 6, 2012 Attn: Mr. Eric J. Harris, Q.C. From: Stan Valnicek, MD, Section Head – Plastic Surgery Dear Mr. Harris Thank you for taking the time to review our submission for the SRRF. We have tried to organize it into logical sections representing the issues that we face as a Section. Our argument is based on data from the following sources: 1. Canadian Institute for Health Information http://www.cihi.ca 2. Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report (Latest) 3. Survey of our section membership – October 2012 (83% response rate) i I have included the raw data in the appendix to this submission. We have tried to use the latest available data sets from sources independent to our section in order be fair and accurate in our claims. I am happy to provide all additional documentation and supporting evidence for items in this submission as required. The goal of this submission is to protect the provision of public hospital based plastic surgery services in the province of BC. Recent media attention in the Vancouver Sun has brought light to the long waits our patients face in the public system: http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Operation+Delayed/7494235/story.html Part of the public issue relates to limited hospital resources in the BC public health care system. Barriers to recruitment are primarily driven by availability of OR time and the willingness of Health Authorities to provide the necessary resources for new surgeons. Low remuneration does affect recruitment in areas of the province that are chronically unde rserviced since competitive rural opportunities exist across Canada even when major urban areas are well staffed. Our main issue as a section is retention of surgeons within the public system and this is primarily driven by significant intra and inter-provincial income discrepancies that put us near the bottom of all surgical specialties. Research Paper Outline 0. Definition of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is a misunderstood specialty and it is surprising to us how pervasive the misconceptions are among not just the public but also our colleagues in the medical profession. Media portrayals of cosmetic surgery have led to unfortunate distortions and harmful attitudes, which over the years have had significant negative impact on our profession and particularly on remuneration for public work. Plastic surgery as a specialty grew out of the need to address the management of complex wound healing issues in patients with severe burns, spinal cord injuries, major trauma or defects caused by the extirpation of cancers. This is still the core of our profession today. One hundred years ago skin grafting did not exist and even moderate burns were fatal or led to severe contractures and lifelong disability. Patients who had breasts or parts of their face removed spent their remaining lives disfigured and often shunned. Spinal cord injured patients lived with massive bedsores severely restricting their mobility and independence. Children born with congenital anomalies such as facial clefts were ostracized or worse. Those of us who carry out missions to the third world see the effects on patients and families in regions where plastic surgical care is not readily available. Plastic surgeons have also been pioneers in tissue transplantation, wound healing, nerve regeneration and tissue engineering. Rebuilding form and function has led to the development of entirely new areas such as hand and wrist surgery, facial trauma surgery, craniofacial surgery, microsurgery and skin cancer management. In the province of BC our plastic surgery section provides the majority of care in the following areas: Disease and injury to hand and wrist Disease and injury to the face Burns Congenital defects of the upper extremity or face Reconstruction for defects from cancer ablation Pressure sores in spinal cord injured or systemically ill patients Complex wounds Severe infections including necrotizing fasciitis Primary cancers of skin and soft tissue Microsurgical reattachment of amputated limbs or body parts (scalp, ear etc.) Microsurgical transplantation of tissue Gender reassignment surgery We are also the 3rd or 4th busiest surgical service (out of 10) in terms of emergency surgery due to our coverage of the majority of hand, wrist and facial injuries. ii Research Paper Outline I. Recruitment and Retention A: Demographics iii Prior to presenting our data, I would like to clarify some of the underlying demographic variables. We presently recognize a total of 81 BC plastic surgeons (defined as those with Canadian certification through the RCPS(C) or international equivalent) within our Section in BC. Some of these are part-time, semi-retired or in primarily private practice. These serve an estimated 2012 BC population of 4.5 million (Statscan 1). In order to determine â€Å"full time† practitioners, the Medical Services Commission (MSC) defines a cut off for low billings. This changes yearly and is currently set at $82,100 annual MSP billings or less. With this metric our numbers drop to 52 active surgeons for the last year data was available (2010/11)2. Government (MSP) plastic surgery census data differs slightly as they include anyone who â€Å"bills† primarily out of our section of the fee schedule as a â€Å"Plastic Surgeon†. There are about 3-5 of these physicians and may include Orthopedic surgeons with a primary hand surgery practice or temporary locums. For the purposes of this submission, we will use the most current MSP data sets for the following reasons: they are readily available to the BCMA and to each section. the BCMA uses them for their own calculations and allocations any allocated funds rightfully benefit physicians billing out of the plastic surgery section of the fee guide 1 2 http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ig-gi/pop-bc-eng.htm Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report attached Research Paper Outline B: Plastic Surgery Manpower in BC over past 5 years iv If one looks at the numbers from the MSP dataset for the last six years, our growth as a section seems significant. I have compared us to all other surgical specialties (9 sections) and medical specialties (18 sections). It would appear that the total number of BC plastic surgeons grew rapidly for 3 years with a leveling off in the last two. 3 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 20% Plastic Surgery Anaesthesia 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Other surgical specialties Medical Specialties Chart 1: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower over 2005/06 Baseline looking at total physician numbers per category 3 Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report attached Research Paper Outline v When one applies the semi-retired/part-time payment cutoff (set by MSP) to determine the trend in â€Å"full time† plastic surgeons, the numbers change dramatically. Here the data shows that despite an increase in anesthetists, medical specialists and other surgical specialties overall, the number of full time BC plastic surgeons has dropped in the last 6 years. 20% Plastic Surgery 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Anaesthesia 15% 10% 5% 0% Chart 2: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower over 2005/06 Baseline looking at full time physician numbers per category -10% -5% Other surgical specialties Medical Specialties The MSP billing data shows that despite a 17% increase in the number of plastic surgeons in the province over 6 years, the number who bill over a minimum cut-off and would be considered full time has dropped 7%. This trend is in stark contrast to the growth of other specialty groups in BC. The population of BC from the 2006 to the 2011 census grew from 4.1 million to 4.4 million for a 9% increase. Another way of looking at the data shows that in 2005/06 only 19% of BC plastic surgeons were billing under the $82,100 cutoff while in 2010/11 the proportion had grown to 35%. The impact of this on public access to plastic surgical care is enormous. Research Paper Outline C) Manpower issues related to recruitment and retirement vi Our UBC Medical School has a training program for plastic surgeons. We traditionally produce 2-3 graduates a year. Given a population of 80 surgeons and a career span of 30-35 years one would anticipate needing 2-3 new surgeons each year in BC. The majority (88%) of UBC graduates stay in the province (based on a review of all graduates since 1971) and this is reflected in the rise in total plastic surgeons in BC over the past 5 years. A recent survey of our BC section membership (86% response rate) shows 55% feel their hospital is understaffed for plastics and a further 8.6% call their situation severely depleted. A full 70% of respondents would like to recruit one or more plastic surgeons to their community in the next 3 years. The top three barriers to recruitment were OR availability, cooperation of the Health Authority and low MSP remuneration compared to other provinces. Only 17% felt that availability of suitable candidates was an issue for recruitment. The important question is this: Why has the number of full time plastic surgeons dropped over the recent 5 year period as shown in Charts 1 and 2 despite growth in all other groups? The answer we believe lays in an accelerating and profound shift in our sections’ manpower and focus from the public system over to the private (cosmetic surgery) sector. D) Private (Cosmetic) Plastic Surgery – Myths and Realities The private or cosmetic practice in plastic surgery has existed since our specialty originated. Many views about private surgery reflect the situation either in the media (movie/television portrayals of cosmetic surgery) or is based on historical behavior (30 years ago private surgery was the domain of those who had â€Å"put their time in† for 25-30 years of active public practice and could now enjoy a more elective pace with less after hours and weekend responsibility.) The private system allowed for more elective daytime work with greater financial rewards and a less hectic pace. The move to a private practice by this group of older surgeons has never impacted the total number of full time surgeons in this province in the past. Something is different in the last 6 years and we are concerned by the changing pattern. It is our position that chronically low plastic surgery remuneration compared to our colleagues is driving our membership into the private system. Unfortunately the perception that we Research Paper Outline can make up for low MSP payments by simply doing private work has allowed MSP fee suppression to continue and driven more people out of the public system faster than ever. vii The BCMA has effectively handicapped the Section of Plastic Surgery over the past 7 years by including a multiplier in their MANDI (Modified Adjusted Net Daily Income) formula that assumes all plastic surgeons receive 30% of their net income from private surgery. This formula is central to any BCMA attempts at correcting intersectional disparity via the â€Å"microallocation† process. Our section feels this assumption is based on inaccurate, incomplete and out of date information and has spent significant time trying to correct the situation. We would be happy to provide more detail on how this has crippled the attempts at fee and income parity for full time MSP plastic surgeons in BC if requested. The psychological and physical toll of being one of the busiest surgical services while remaining at the bottom of the surgical specialist pay scale has come home to roost. A survey of membership done last month online (65 out of 76 responded) shows that: Most plastic surgeons in BC are engaged full time in the public MSP system 51% feel that in the next few years the proportion of their time private work to public will increase The most common cause for this transition is cited as poor MSP remuneration 34.5% feel burned out often or most of the time 33% intend to retire in the next 10 years Only 40% would advise new UBC plastic surgery grads to stay in BC

Christianity And The Just War Theory Essay -- essays research papers

Does the Just War Theory provide sufficient moral justification for Christians’ involvement in war? The Just War Theory is a set of criteria that are used to judge whether a war is morally justifiable. It was St Augustine in the third century that formulated the Just War theory, and was formalised 10 centuries later by Thomas Aquinas. There are seven criteria by which a war can be judged to be just. Among the rules are Just Cause – there must be a very good reason for going to war, such as protecting your country from invasion. There should be a formal declaration of war by the legal government. It has to be the last resort and all other alternatives must be exhausted. There must be a reasonable chance of success and great care must be taken to avoid injuring civilians. The Just War Theory is still believed today to be the only way that Christians can morally justify war and is often referred to by leaders of Christian countries when they make claims to be fighting a just war. There is widespread ignorance of the details of Just War but there is also much room for different interpretations of the criteria. I personally feel that it depends on each individual situation as one set of rules are not always applicable to all circumstances. In some situations, the causes may seem to be just but not according to the just war theory. A war can only be judged to be just if the criteria are met – not if those involved try very hard to meet them. The aim of the just war is to provid...

Naturalistic Observation Essay

? Naturalistic Observation In order to study human development and perform naturalistic observation I went to the mall. I selected a 9-year-old white girl as the subject for my observation. I observed the subject for 30 minutes. During my observation the subject was not interrupted and was not aware of my study. The girl was spending time with her mother and brother at the mall. She was enjoying herself. She played some games with her brother. The games included jumping and running. During one of the games the girl had a short conversation with her brother. After that the girl started drawing pictures in her notebook. Mother of the subject had a very satisfied expression on her face when she saw the drawing her daughter made. During the whole observational period the girl looked relaxed and happy. The approximate height of the subject is 4ft 2in, the approximate weight is 70 lbs. She was well-dressed, her clothes were new and tidy. The girl was physically developed according to her age. During my whole observation the subject was very active, the girl was running and jumping, it was obvious that she had a good coordination. The child was also drawing pictures in her notebook, so I came to the conclusion that both her gross motor skills and fine manipulative skills were developed properly. Cognitive development of the subject was on a sufficient level. I observed the girl when she was buying an ice cream, she saw that one of the portions was on the bigger plate, but she chose one on the smaller plate because she liked the shape of it more. The girl was able to understand that if something changes in appearance it does not mean that the quantity of it changed. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the girl was on the concrete operational stage. It is the very important stage, because the child starts thinking logically and operationally. Being on this particular stage is absolutely adequate for children at the age of 9. The girl was emotionally and socially well developed. She obeyed the rules of the game and the rules of the mall while playing. During my observation the girl demonstrated that she was able to work in a team with her brother. She was friendly and well socialized. According to Erikson’s stages of social and emotional development this kind of behavior means that the girl was on the ‘school age’ stage. It is absolutely normal to be on this stage of social and emotional development at the age of 9. After my observation I came to the conclusion that the subject meets the milestones and stages for the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development. Judging from the drawing that the girl made we can assume that the girl is gifted. According to my naturalistic observation there is nothing unusual in the development of the girl. According to her age she is absolutely adequate. The observation was a very interesting and informative process. It gave me the opportunity to apply different theories of development. The biggest advantage of this psychological method is the opportunity to observe the subject in the natural surrounding and watch his natural behavior. To sum up, during my naturalistic observation I applied Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and Erikson’s theory of emotional and social development. Both of these theories gave me the opportunity to understand the subject better. According to my observation, all physical skills of the girl were developed properly. After analysis I came to the conclusion that the subject is on the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, and on the ‘school age’ stage of social and emotional development. The girl is normally developed according to her age.

The Origins Of Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay

Harmonizing to, Mentzer et Al. SCM is concerned to convey profitableness and competitory advantage through bettering the efficiency and effectivity in a strategic context. Thomas and Griffin ( 1996 ) , argued that supply concatenation can assist the organisation to minimise their operational cost and supply better client services, through coordinated planning and they found cognition is critical point for organizing and be aftering between the supply concatenation spouses.The Origins of Supply Chain Management:Supply concatenation direction started to emerged in the 80s 0f the last century, nevertheless, in the last 10 old ages supply concatenation direction has become really celebrated in direction literature ( Cooper et al. , 1997 ) . Supply concatenation direction started to emerged at first through constructing a partnership and coaction between the industrial and service company and their providers, by integrated all the histrions procedures and maps, which create the buying att ack of the supply concatenation direction, the chief thoughts of supply concatenation direction are just-in-time, zero stock list, uninterrupted refilling, and cut costs through extinguishing extra clip, excess attempts and buffer stock list, secondly these organisations besides built a strong integrating with their jobbers and retail merchants, which the research workers name it the logistic attack of the supply concatenation direction, and the chief end was to better client service through supplying options, visibleness and fast bringing, thirdly the integrating attack of supply concatenation direction which demonstrate all of the value adding procedures from traveling the row stuffs from providers through fabrication or service suppliers company until the terminal users, and the critical end is to derive a new competitory advantages, ( Thomas and Griffin,1996, Tan, 2001 ) Furthermore, supply concatenation direction aimed to bettering concern public presentation and competitory advantage through integrating several procedures such as planning, planing, logistic, production, and merchandising ( Lambert & A ; Cooper, 2000 ; Lim, 2007 ) , Supply concatenation direction coordinates the procedure of mutualist decision-making, organizes several supply concatenation spouses and manages information and stuffs flow ( Chandra & A ; Kumar, 2001 ) . In fact, many research workers and practicians have position SCM as an of import topic in their research country ( Li, 2002 ) . Presently, supply concatenation direction has become an of import modern concern constructs. aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"SCM is a system that contains multiple entities, procedures and activities from providers to clients. The basic construct behind SCM is how the natural stuffs and information flow from the provider to the maker, before concluding distributions to clients as finished merchandises or services. In add-on, functional countries within the organisation besides need information that flows through the SCM in order for them to do a determination to bring forth merchandises. The capableness of sharing and interchanging information is indispensable to better the effectivity of the SCMaa‚ ¬A? ( Udin et al. , 2006 ) . Supply concatenation can be viewed as a web incorporating providers, makers, distributers, retail merchants, and clients. Concisely, a supply concatenation is the rhythm of buy-make-move-store-sell ( Akkermans et al. , 2000 ; Sheikh, 2003 ) . Based on the above, we emphasis that such this integrating includes, the row stuffs and money as a touchable resources, and the cognition and information as an intangible resources which the supply concatenation by pull offing these resources in efficient and effectual manner will derive a competitory advantages which can better the supply concatenation public presentation. Harmonizing to Schroeder ( 2000 ) , Supply concatenation is a series of concern procedures and information that assist the organisation to supply goods and services in the supply concatenation which comes through providers, makers, distributers, retail merchants and eventually end-customer, Throughout the supply concatenation the concern environment alterations and the supply concatenation design as opposed to provide concatenation coordination is going a nucleus competitory advantage which force organisations to pull off and incorporate their supply concatenation efficaciously ( Fine, 1998 ) . The above Figure shows the supply concatenation web supports three sorts of flows at the operational degree which requires careful planning and strong coordination, these flows presented as the followers: Material flows: including the flow of physical merchandises from providers to clients and besides the opposite flow of returning, having, and recycling merchandises. Information flows: affecting the flow of information sing order trailing and transmittal. This information coordinates the physical flow of merchandises. Fiscal flows: which encompass the flow of recognition footings, payment agenda, cargo, and title ownership understanding. The same Figure ( 1 ) besides explains that, supply concatenation web is supported by three props as follows: Procedures, consisting merchandise development, cognition direction and logistics. Organizational constructions, dwelling of relationship, integrating, webs, direction attacks, public presentation measuring, and reward strategies. Enabling engineering, consisting procedure and information engineering. Supply concatenation direction aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"is the integrating of cardinal concern procedures from terminal user through original providers that provides merchandises, services, and information that add value for clients and other stakeholdersaa‚ ¬A? ( Lambert & A ; Cooper, 2000 ) . Based on the above conceptualisation, it is clear that supply concatenation direction is all about integrating, in other words, integrating is an of import portion in SCM. Therefore, efficient integrating in the supply concatenation could take to successful and effectual SCM public presentation. Therefore, in order to accomplish efficient integrating and so successful SCM, companies need to implement cognition direction processes because these procedures such as cognition sharing, creative activity and protection provide effectual integrating among several supply concatenation spouses.

In the 1990s the personal computer revolution turn Essays

In the 1990s the personal computer revolution turn Essays Tv In the 1990s the personal computer revolution turned into the social computer revolution. The thrill of having sophisticated computer power on your desktop turned out to be just the beginning, once your machine could connect to everyone else's via telephone lines. There is a global computer the size of humanity taking shape. Now that everybody can publish their own interests to a world audience on the Net, we learn irreversibly that the world is far stranger and more interesting that we would ever guess from magazines, books and broadcast media. Our sense of the world is altered and, oddly enough, in an optimistic direction. Two simple-seeming devices search engines and links have made search-space on the Internet more exciting than outer space. It is more current and diverse than any encyclopedia, and it's inhabited with real people. However remote-seeming your query with a search service like Alta Vista, within minutes you find yourself on the home page of someone who has made that subject their life's obsession. What he or she has to say raises questions you would never have thought to ask. And they provide links to even more astounding sources. Web surfers experience a giddy sensation of boundless variety and boundless possibility. How the world talks to itself is permanently changed. In the jargon, it has shifted from one-to-one (telephone) and one-to-many (broadcast) to many-to-many (the Net). Power is taken from the editors and distributors in huge over-cautious corporations and handed to no-longer-passive, radical everyone. Individuals on the Net initiate and control content to suit themselves and those they can interest. (This makes governments nervous.) The Net is an antidote to broadcast news. The news tells you about a shocking earthquake and you're depressed. The Net gives you the people who are helping the earthquake victims and provides firsthand reports: I was out in the garden when it hit, and I noticed that suddenly the ground was covered with earthworms. Some have described most activity on the Net as merely vanity publishing or advertising. Those are left-over broadcast terms whose meaning is changed in the Net environment. Grass-roots advertising is what assembles new communities of interest and whole new ecologies of knowledge. If we had any idea how wildly interesting vanity publishing could be when it is cheap and plentiful, we would never have condemned it.

Book binding Essay Example for Free

Book binding Essay OBJECTIVES:2. OBJECTIVES:The term ‘binding’ is sometimes used to describe the cover of a book. For example, you might refer to a book as having a binding of leather, or being bound in linen. But binding also means the act of attaching many pages to one another to produce a book. Bookbinding is a very old craft and the techniques used in hand-binding have hardly changed over the centuries. Mechanization has changed the way most books are made but hand-bound books still use the same the techniques and equipment. As a craft, bookbinding plays an important role in the production of artist’s books, the preservation of antique books, and in training for fine arts students. As a commercial process, bookbinding plays a role in the lives of any consumer who picks up a book or magazine. Advances in commercial bookbinding techniques have greatly improved the cost, and therefore accessibility, of printed material all over the world. IT: 3. WHAT DID YOU DO TO ORGANIZE IT:A prior permission has been taken from the Teacher-in-Charge of our institution to perform the work. Eight students of class VIII, Sec A are selected to participate with me. The Biology Laboratory of this institution has been selected as the working place. I first told the students the procedure of book binding:†¢ Stapling and Sewing – The collected papers exactly the same sized are piled them up. Then staple down/sewed along one edge. †¢ Gluing – A white paper paste, or â€Å"library paste,† is good for most purposes. †¢ Covering – Any book will be enormously improved if it has some kind of a cover. The cover doesn’t have to be cloth or cardboard or particularly heavy. prasenjitzoology@gmail. com 1 BOOK BINDING CONTRBUTIONS:4. CONTRBUTIONS:†¢ MINE – I directed as well as helped the students how to prepare for such works. †¢ MY HEAD TEACHER – He encouraged and motivated me to perform the work. He also helped me by inspiring the students also. He also helped me by granting a fund for that. †¢ MENTOR – The Principal, Prof. D. P. Nag Chowdhury of the College, Shimurali Sachinandan College of Education was the mentor who helped me mentally as well as providing printed materials to do the work. The Director of the workshop, Prof Trishna Goswami as well as the Coordinator, Prof. S. R. Adhikari of the College, Shimurali Sachinandan College of Education, P. O. – Shimurali, District – Nadia also helped me in many ways. A book binder of that locality also helped various ways to make successful this work. CTIVITY: 5. OUTPUT OF THE ACTIVITY:Students can bind books at home following these simple instructions. This is so simple that the students themselves can make them for the joy of learning science. It can encourage them in publishing business. PERSONAL:6. YOUR PERSONAL:†¢ OBSERVATIONS – Students shortlisted the materials from their book or as directed that are needed to perform the work. Sheets of paper for binding into a book, Bone folder, Studio Tac double-sided adhesive, Heavyweight papers for end pages, Pencil, Jade glue, Paint brush, Headband tape, Craft knife, Binder’s board (acid-free), Book canvas, Iron-on transfer paper (optional)are collected by the students from their homes and market. Then prasenjitzoology@gmail. com 2 BOOK BINDING they started the work following the book binding procedure as stated. My students enjoyed this very much and many of them tried this on their own. †¢ EXPERIENCES – Teaching children about the publishing business entails more than writing stories and creating characters. In fact, you can turn any English lesson into a crafts project by introducing children to bookbinding activities. †¢ DIFFICULTIES – Manipulatives and experiments are teaching aids that the children are allowed to play with and touch. Hence it was a time consuming process. FROM:7. FEED BACK FROM:†¢ STUDENTS – The participants were fully satisfied and wished such programme to be of more and more so that they could update their knowledge & activity. This is the spirit of teaching and learning. With hands on activities they acquire first-hand knowledge which inspires them to pursue the field of publishing to become successful who is the wealth of a nation. †¢ COLLEAGUES – They highly appreciated such activities more and more so that the students can easily understand their lessons. The students can test these works without any fear of cost or breakage. This is so simple that the students themselves can make them for the joy of learning science. Teaching children bookbinding is a way for them to become part of this long tradition of book arts in a fun and imaginative way. †¢ MENTOR – He thanked me so that I have done the work accordingly in involvement with my students in my institution. This will be proved very useful in rural and urban schools as well. ************* prasenjitzoology@gmail. com 3 Book binding. (2016, Sep 08).

What Does the Interest that Auschwitz Should Never Happen Again Mean Essay

What Does the Interest that Auschwitz Should Never Happen Again Mean for Sociology - Essay Example Looking critically at the statement, â€Å"After Auschwitz (and in this respect Auschwitz is a prototype of something which has been repeated incessantly in the world since then) our interest is in ensuring that this should never happen again,† Adorno uses this phrase at the end of ‘Lecture II’ (1968) in â€Å"Introduction to Sociology† in order to avoid misunderstanding in students. The Critical Theory of Society is based in the philosophical position outlined by Adorno and the Frankfurt School, which is itself based on a reform of Marxism. The theory of the Frankfurt School and Adorno relates primarily to methodology in the practice of sociology. According to Jarvis (1998), the Frankfurt school asserts there is no real â€Å"thing† as society; rather it is an interpretation that is based on the subjectivity of one who approaches it as a discipline. Adorno opposes the totalizing aspects of theory when it claims to complete knowledge about the operat ion of social forces or historical evolution. He see this in Freud, Weber, Durkheim, and Marx, in their interpretive frameworks that discuss the operation of society from different perspectives, but share a totalitarianism of meaning which will limit interpretation to a range of values. Related to this is the preference for a phenomenological methodology that seeks to describe reality and social processes as they appear, rather than as they should be ideally. This represents a rejection of objectivism in knowledge by the Frankfurt School, but an acceptance of the categorical imperative of activism through morality. 2 Adorno views the totalitarian aspects of knowledge systems as operating on the model of the modern State, both symmetrical in identity and structure, implementing imperial control of consciousness and society, flattening all diversity of meaning. From this, Adorno seeks to avoid building a theory of sociology that repeats the State model of control as an aspect of indiv idual identity, for when this occurs, subjective interpretation, variance, objectivity, and fact all vanish into a monolithic machine that drives meaning to a single source, an illusory central point of vanishing into history. "If you asked me what sociology is, I would say that it must be insight into society, into the essential nature of society," Adorno says – it must be, but it is not. "Ladies and Gentleman, I would now ask you not to write down and take home what I have told you as a definition of sociology... it cannot be reduced to an 'axiom'."3 Adorno and the Frankfurt School are advocating a position of radical freedom from the State and the restrictions of theoretical interpretation through a radical re-thinking of fundamentals, universals, essences, and other aspects of bias that make claims to ultimate truth or reality in sociology. Knowledge systems inherently promote totalitarian universal values, the essential meaning of things that is fixed and unchanging, or knowledge of the inner-operation of society and the universe that inevitably falls short of the goal of accurately representing reality. As Adorno writes in â€Å"Negative Dialectics† (1970), â€Å"If one speaks in the newest aesthetic debates of anti-drama and anti-heroes, then Negative Dialectics, which holds itself distant from all aesthetic themes, could be called an anti-system.†4 If â€Å"Negative Dialectics† represents an anti-system, then Auschwitz on the other extreme represents the fully totalitarian aspects of a system in application. From the perspective of humanity, Auschwitz is a symbol of the most terrible aspects of modernism, the factory of anti-Semitism and death, the total mobilization of society to the ends of violent, fascist theory. Auschwitz motivates the moral awareness in humanity to resist, but Adorno recognizes that this requires freedom of thought and critical awareness as a basis for activism. The person

Product and Place Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product and Place - Term Paper Example The products of our business are designed to take advantage of the bargaining power of customers. Many buyers feel that they should bargain in the market. Inclusion of wraps in the product menu is an objective of our business that aims at creating bargaining environment for the consumers. Our business intends to provide varied products for the consumers in order to create threat to substitute products in the market. Another product objective of our business is to create an avenue for potential entrant into the market. Products such as wraps would create a great potentiality for the business to enter into the market. Our business has identified the needs of various customers; this would have provided vital information in designing the product objectives. Our business products aim at providing variety of choices to the consumers. Our products will serve consumers who are jogging or walking along the streets. Our business presents five categories of products, which the customers can cho ose. The products would benefit the customers because our business intends to offer high quality products. For example, a customer who orders for the stir-fry may decide to take rice with veggies or noodles with sauces. On the other hand, a customer may be willing to buy grilled chicken with Sundried tomato, spinach and regular tortilla wraps. Our product menu has healthy products that it intends to roll to the market. The product features aim at meeting varied demands of the market. Another feature for the products is their ability to be carried away by the customers. Some customers prefer take away, our business has developed products to suit these demands. Provision of products that suit the demands of the customers would help in marketing the business. The approach of our business into the market is to create an opportunity that would lead to high market share. Customer needs is a factor that contributes to the product strategy and objectives of the business. Penetrating market strategy aims at utilizing the business products to attract and retain customers. For our business to penetrate the market, it has to come up with a packaging system that would lure customers. Our business intends to adopt a packaging system that would make the products of the business stand out in the market. The package should break the convection in the market. Our business would develop unique shape for its products in order to draw the attention of the customers. Elegant packets lure the attention of many buyers. Products like fruit salad require unique packaging that would lure the interest of the customers. Another packaging factor that the business wishes to address is the feel good factor. The attractiveness of the package indicates an offer of the same quality. The need to offer quality package would make the business penetrate the market. Our business wishes to use the above choices to achieve it positioning objective. Strategic packaging, product objective and services o ffered by the business aim at winning greater market share. The success of the above factors would lead to the success of our business. Place is another important factor in the marketing mix. Delivering of business products to the customers at the right time has an influence on the success and market share of our business (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel 47). The distribution channel that the business

On the brink of war Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On the brink of war - Coursework Example Charter†. Another example of logos was the statistics which showed the sum of money spent by the administration. Byrd thought it was dismal, because â€Å"this administration has squandered a large projected surplus of some $5.6 trillion†. Furthermore, in this speech we can observe a few examples of ethos, when the Senator made references to authorities. â€Å"The distinguished Senator from Illinois, Mr. Durbin, and I have been talking about that†. However, the most numerous are the examples of pathos, to my mind. â€Å"There will be children, little boys and girls dying if this war goes forward in Iraq. And American men and women will die, too†, â€Å"but on whom will we depend when these men and women are gone to foreign lands to fight a war if a war faces us here at home, a different kind of war† and others. The whole speech was based on the Toulmin method of argumentation. There was a clear split between sides. The Senator neither gave neutral statements, nor analyzed the opposing side. On the contrary, all his claims were highly judgmental, focused on strengthening his viewpoint. Byrd underpinned his thoughts by data, warrants and backing. The idea of entering a new war was ominous for him. â€Å"We may have massive military might†¦ but remember we have had massive military might before. How many millions of men marched to the drums of war only 60 years ago? Thirteen million American men under

Racial Or Nationality Subcultures

Racial Or Nationality Subcultures In any society there are not only cultures, but also a variety of subculture and countercultures that develop within society. Subcultures and countercultures are formed by generalizations, occupation, class, lifestyle, likes, dislikes, etc. [1] Basically subculture is a group of people that belong to larger culture but differentiate from that. In early 1950s, there has been a distinction between an accepted majority style and a subculture as an active minority style. Dick Hebdige criticize that a subculture is subversion to normality. Subcultures have a nature of criticism and can be perceived as negative. Subcultures get together those individuals who feel neglected and allow them to develop a sense of identity. [2] A sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a cultural group is term as counterculture .In counterculture a group whose behavior deviates from the societal norm. Although distinct countercultural undercurrents have existed in many societies, here the term refers to a more significant, visible phenomenon that reaches critical mass and persists for a period of time. It is important to distinguish between counterculture, and subculture. [3] Subculture A subculture is a group of individuals that do share some qualities that the majority of society share, but the group has its own values, beliefs, norms, behavior, etc. Subcultures tend to be created when society endures problems or enjoys common privileges. Most individuals within a subculture have common interests and beliefs. Types of subculture   Following are the major types of subculture. Organizational Culture A type of subculture that allows members to have solidarity, community, and social relationships that influence individual behavior. It is the way an organization deals with the environment.   Counterculture It is a type of subculture that completely disregards societys norms and values and creates new ones. They tend to develop when people will not conform to the mainstream.   They have their own beliefs, problems with cultural integration, and have their own material culture. [1] Racial or nationality subcultures These subcultures tend to vary in their values, ambition and beliefs which get reflected in their consumption priorities, spend save patterns, purchase behavior, use of credit, social traditions and customs etc.Nowadays multiracial societies like America comprised of citizens who come from different nationalities or belong to different races. Religious subcultures: Most societies of the world today consist of people subscribing to different religions, which may differ in their beliefs, values and customs. The religious subgroups may follow different custom, have important rites of passage (like birth, marriage and death) performed in different ways and have different festivals. [4] Counter culture vs. Sub culture Counterculture can be defined as a group whose behavior deviates from the societal norm. It is different to the mainstream culture in their politics, norms, social beliefs, and way of dress and social structures. (or) A counter culture is one that reacts against the prevailing culture in place. Example: Throughout the last century examples of counterculture might be the suffragettes, the green movement, polygamists and feminists, punk movement and the infamous hippie counterculture movement of the 1960s, are formed and exist to oppose the dominant culture. All of these counter cultures have specific beliefs and values that cause social change. Counter cultures are large movements that cause social change. Counter cultures are against mainstream culture.[5] Members of a counterculture come together around their desire to reject movements within the larger, dominant culture. While members have this opposition in common, they may not share religious or political affiliations, similar socioeconomic situations, or values. Countercultures can be both negative and positive. They can also become larger when more people are involved and assimilate into the mainstream just as subcultures in general have this potential.[6] Biker Gangs, drug users, career criminals, prisoners, and terrorists have in common that they all have negative perceptions from society and are countercultures. [7] Subculture A sub culture can have its own beliefs, norms and values, but they are generally able to exist within mainstream culture. Their beliefs or manner of being may be different enough to make them stand out, but they are not at odds with society. Subculture is a culture shared and actively participated in by a minority of people within a broader culture. Examples: sub cultures might be Goths, emos, surfies, homies etc. Jews and Tea Party members are both examples of subcultures in the U.S. While the Jewish subculture is based around shared religious values, the Tea Party movement was primarily founded around dissatisfaction with the political status. Sub cultures tend to also share common interests and experience. Sub cultures can exist within mainstream culture.[5] Sub cultures are united by common aesthetics, interests and experience. Subcultures are distinctive segments of the larger culture of a region or society that are marked by shared interests in music or cultural phenomena, membership in a specific ethnic or religious group, or shared socioeconomic status. While some subcultures exist in contradistinction to the societys dominant culture, others exist harmoniously within it. Subcultures incorporate large parts of the broader cultures of which they are part, but in specifics they may differ radically. Subcultures bring together like-minded individuals who feel neglected by societal standards and allow them to develop a sense of identity. Subcultures can be distinctive because of the age, ethnicity, class, location, and/or gender of the members. [6] The qualities that determine a subculture as distinct may be linguistic, aesthetic, religious, political, sexual, geographical or a combination of factors. They certainly play an important role in any individual life and help to explain how each person develops a frame of reference. [7] Everybody has their own perceptions on society, values, and life in general. Values, attitudes, gestures, and sanctions tend to stem from the dominant culture in ones life. Throughout the dominant culture that a person spends his or her time in learning and changing through different experiences many subcultures have developed. Subcultures allow people, who share similar interests to assimilate, socialize, gives them a sense of belonging and fellowship among peers. [8] Similarities Countercultures and subcultures both identify themselves in juxtaposition to the dominant culture of a society. Members usually dress and behave in different ways than average citizens of a society and are usually identifiable by their different appearances. Differences Culture is made up of an amalgamation of subcultures. So, a single subculture is a small segment of the larger culture, which is usually defined by shared socioeconomic status or a common cultural interest. A counterculture, on the other hand, is defined by their opposition to the dominant culture. A member of a counterculture may oppose the prevailing cultures values. Or, it could just oppose certain segments of the culture, or certain subcultures. A subculture is differs slightly from the dominant culture in a society, while a counterculture opposes the culture or subculture itself.[6] Literature review Dick Hebdige argued that a subculture is subversion to normality. Subcultures tend to be perceived as negative and have a nature of criticism. [9] According to Hebdige, subcultures are actually an alternative and reconfiguration of the dominant cultures. As his all very brief references to black and West Indian cultures suggest that he considers these cultures to be transplanted dominant cultures within British society. This misrepresentation raises the question of whether ethnic groups or minorities fit into Hebdiges notion of what constitutes either a parent culture or subculture. [10] According to Wolfgang Ferracuti, subculture is a normative system of some group or groups smaller than the whole society .This implies that there are value judgments or a social value system which is apart from and a part of a central value system. But a subculture is only partly different from the larger culture, and cannot be totally different from the culture of which it is a part; otherwise it is what Wolfgang called contra culture. This implies that the subculture has some major values in common with the dominant parent culture. The transmission of sub cultural values involves a learning process that establishes a dynamic lasting linkage between the values and the individuals .But also important to Wolfgangs subculture of violence theory is the notion that people may be born into a subculture. They argue that the black subculture actually values violence and that it is an integral component of the subculture which experiences high rates of homicide. Just as the dominant society punishes those who deviate from its norms, deviance by the comparatively non-violent individual from the norms of the violent subculture is likewise punished, either by being ostracized, or treated with disdain or indifference. Also, the more a person is integrated into this subculture, the more intensely he embraces its prescriptions of behavior, its conduct norms, and integrates them into his personality. The subculture of violence theory might be even more relevant today than it was when it was first published, especially with regard to juvenile crime. It seems to be a common fear that adolescents today are more violent and lacking in empathy than those of only a generation or two ago. Parker (1989) criticisms of the black subculture of violence model are many: First, the use of global indicators describing an entire class of people, southerners or blacks, assumes that these communities are homogeneous in values and lifestyle, an assumption that is clearly false for any group as large as these groups. Second, particularly in the case of blacks, it entails an implicit pejorative indictment of urban minority residents and communities, which is unfair and racist in nature. Finally this approach ignores the role of institutionalized racism itself in producing a link between violence and racial composition. Wolfgangs subculture of violence theory has had its share of critics. Erlanger (1974), Parker (1989), Shihadeh and Steffensmeier (1994), are just a few of the investigators who have failed to find the theory useful in explaining sub cultural violence. Other authors have found that the sub-culture of violence theory is a useful model, particularly when it is used along with other theories Benedict and Baron. Kennedy and Baron call for such an integrative approach, and assert that often, different theories may complement one another. Finally, still other researchers continue to rely upon the model. 11] Scholars differ in the characteristics and specificity they attribute to counterculture. Counterculture might oppose mass culture, or middle-class culture and values. Counterculture is sometimes conceptualized in terms of generational conflict and rejection of older or adult values. It typically involves criticism or rejection of currently powerful institutions, with accompanying hope for a better life or a new society. Countercultures tend to peak, and then go into decline, leaving a lasting impact on mainstream cultural values. Their life cycles include phases of rejection, growth, partial acceptance and absorption into the mainstream. According to Sheila Whiteley, recent developments in sociological theory complicate and problematize theories developed in the 1960s, with digital technology, for example, providing an impetus for new understandings of counterculture. Andy Bennett writes that despite the theoretical arguments that can be raised against the sociological value of counterculture as a meaningful term for categorizing social action, like subculture, the term lives on as a concept in social and cultural theory to become part of a received, mediated memory.[12] Conclusion The term counter-culture is not entirely an adequate way of describing all of the changes that took place for several reasons: some changes were a progression of events throughout the century, other changes were due to scientific discoveries which have always produced new ideas and ways of looking at the world, and many changes can be better described as movements or ideologies.[14] Subcultures allow people, who share similar interests to assimilate, socialize, gives them a sense of belonging and fellowship among peers. Sub cultural studies often involve participant-observation, and may variously emphasize sociological, anthropological, or semiotic analysis in order to address the organization and production of relational, material, and symbolic structures and systems. [15] Suggestion Healthy sub-cultures share leaderships conceptualizations of how tasks should be accomplished; how employees can advance and take on greater responsibility; how employees interact with each other; the ways in which change is accepted and accomplished; and how new knowledge is acquired and perpetuated. Distinct, healthy sub-cultures are organizationally aligned in their understanding of how they must perform to produce successful and acceptable results and outcomes. Leaders actively seeking to influence their organizations culture must consider sub-cultures. The major point here is to make sure that you are integrating and linking your sub-cultures into the broader, intended cultural objectives. Accept and foster productive sub-cultures while consistently communicating how employees must perform in order for the organization to be successful.[13]

Othello vs O the Modern Spin Essay -- essays research papers

‘O is a modern spin on Othello that attempts to address issues that are relevant for a contemporary audience. However, ultimately the literary value of Othello is lost in this appropriation† The film ‘O’ directed by Tim Blake Nelson is a recognised contemporary interpretation of Shakespeare’s classic tragedy Othello, which addresses a number of issues that are relevant to a modern day audience compared to that of the past. The director of the film has changed crucial parts of the play which makes the play such a classic, which has essentially ruined the literary value of Othello. This is evident for a number of concepts including, the overt links between the play and film, the power of words and language and Iago and his motives The director of ‘O’ has made errors which causes Othello to lose its literary value. Othello is known as classic artistic play however, the director of the film has caused the play to lose this element. Of course the director has made overt links between the play and the film. The obvious links between the play and the film include the naming of the characters for example naming Othello’s character O and naming Desdemona’s character Desi. When Desi and O first have sexual intercourse they are in a hotel called ‘Willow’ which represents the song sung by Desdemona when she is about to die. The role of women in the play and the film remain the same, the submissive and obedient type. Yet, in today’s society women would be more confident and feministic in their ways. These obvious and almost childlike connections between ‘O’ and Othello does not necessarily mean that ‘O’ is effective appropriation of the play. The beauty of Othello is the power of words and language. The play uses articulate... ...n†/last line, this shows no reasons. Whats the effect? The character Iago – doesn’t fulfol the audience curisoty. The new – give motives (typical hollywood) drugs and dad – brings Iago back to audience’s ‘reality’ of the world and hence destroys any substance to character and movie. Nelson goes so far to completely interpret the character of iago incorrectly, and impress his interpretations on the audience. In the film the director has made the mistake of giving Hugo motives such as the use of steroids and his father saying ‘I love Odin like he is my own son’. This causes Hugo to rage with anger and jealousy and therefore plan his devious revenge. This is the typical Hollywood film that spoon feeds the audience so they know exactly what is going on. In the original Iago is given know reason to act like this towards Othello, the audience is left to interpret

Human Resource Management and East Midlands Ambulance Essay

1. Executive summary The purpose of this report is to investigate the human resource management (HRM) problems that the East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) is experiencing. One of the issues EMAS is experiencing is paramedics possess a lack of motivation and commitment to the job consequently causing a rise in absence. This is caused by the new budgets cuts enforced on the NHS and is impacting on the paramedic’s working life such as, cancellation of allocated break times. Another problem they are facing is the human resource department has been downsized therefor there is one HR manager and adviser covering 3 counties. This is causing work relations between HR and line managers to break down due to not enough HR staff to support every individual station. It is recommended that HR should allocate time to each station to support managers and employees and directors come to an agreement to give employees their breaks. There is additional web information to support the concepts chosen to analyse the problem. These are www.telegraph.co.uk/article/absenteeism and www.thefreelibaray.com/psycologicalcontacts. 2. Problem identification and analysis The new budget cuts to the National Health Service (NHS) are causing many  changes throughout the organisation; one sector of the organisation being highly effected is the Ambulance service. Throughout the East Midlands Ambulance Service many cost efficient changes are taking place, however they still have to meet the same standards of performance to meet their annual targets so that they will receive the same budget for the service next year if the targets are not met the budget each year will decrease. Major changes to EMAS include: * No allocated break times and lunch times. The directors say paramedics are to have their breaks and lunch aboard the ambulance between jobs ‘’when they get a minute’’ however due to the increase in emergency calls, reports revealed that some paramedics were not having lunch at all throughout a 12 hour shift. This is a breach of not only their written employment contract but their psychological contract as well. * Human resources has been downsized, there were HR managers and advisers for every county over the east midlands. The new change saw one HR manager and one HR adviser covering 3 counties and researched showed that employees felt like they had no one to turn to for advise as there HR department was far too busy for individual employee needs. This is making it very difficult for the HR department to focus on what is demotivating the employees causing absenteeism. Even though there have been many other changes to EMAS these are the priority because the result of these changes has had an immense impact on absence and sick leave, as employees are not satisfied with the new conditions to their job description. The new changes to EMAS are causing a vast chain reaction throughout the organisation mainly because most of the changes are hugely breaching employee’s psychological contract. The terms they were expecting to have when they were first employed by EMAS has now been removed for example if a paramedic were to smoke there breaks they used to get off the ambulance for refreshments etc. have now been removed they are expected to remain on board the ambulance. Such a breach would have a massive impact on their commitment to the job as they would feel that the employer has been disloyal to them and not having care for the job would lead them to take unnecessary time off. The HR department cutbacks have had a big impact to not only employees but their line mangers to. HR are finding it difficult to attain any spare time to meet with the managers to discuss recent  problems/procedures therefore all the contact is being made thought documents and letters leaving the managers confused about dealing with their team. The managers are being put under a great deal of stress as their employee expectations have been disregarded. Managers expect to have the HR department at hand for advice on employee problems and procedure. Not having this is not the job expectation they had when they first started. 3. Recommendations Solutions to these problems are very complex and the most obvious solutions are obstructed by the budget cuts. Yes the HR department need more advisers covering each county but unfortunately that cannot occur, instead propose a new system as to where the HR department travels to each station, maybe 1 district a day, to assist the line managers and provide them with up to date policies and procedures. They could also enlist employee time to discuss and problems they are facing and offer advice. This could help to build the relationships that are currently being strained. Also arranging for back to work interviews and help schemes for absentees could help to make them feel more empowered and feel the organisation really needs them back to work giving the employee a sense of purpose. As for the impractical break times for paramedics, give them a designated time to eat their lunch and have their breaks in a suitable environment, whilst one team is having a break have another standing in but make sure that whether on a break or not they must always make themselves available should they be needed. A breach in written/psychological contracts like this is unacceptable for the organisation to enforce upon the employees. The research carried out by Steers and Rhodes (1978) on absenteeism is what this organisation should follow because the employee’s ability to do the job is becoming complicated by a breach in job expectation, not resting on break creating role stress etc. therefor rescinding the employee’s motivation to work. Studying this research could open up compromises for the managers and their employees. Information The web page studied to back up the concept of absenteeism is www.telegraph.co.uk/article/absenteesim on the 26/11/2012 showed that the main cause for absenteeism was work related stress. This web page has been  selected to back up the concept of absenteeism because work related stress can be through unsatisfied job expectation and losing commitment to the role maybe through breaking of a psychological contract. This information was also backed up by the web page www.ukessays.co.uk 26/11/2012 which proves the information is a reliable source. The second concept chosen in this report is psychological contracts and web page chosen is www.thefreelibrary.com/psycologicalcontracts 26/11/2012. This page studied what would be a breach of a psychological contract. This information came from an article written by Pittensburg State University and has been back up by other sources mentioned in the article therefore is a reliable source. References Pittensburg State University. (2010). Psychological contracts. www.thefreelibrary.com/psychologicalcontracts. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012. Preston, D (2012). Book 2 An introduction to human resource management in business. p9-22. Steers, R. M. and Rhodes, S. R. (1978) ‘Major influences on employee attendance: a process model’ Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 63, No4, pp. 391-407 The Telegraph. (2011). Absenteeism. www.telegraph.co.uk/absenteeism. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012. UK essays. (2003). concepts of absenteeism. www.ukessays.co.uk. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012.